DISSERTATION: Alexithymia: A Pathogenic Factor in the Etiology of Panic Disorder

HOME | PANIC DISORDER | OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER | SOCIAL PHOBIA | POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER | SELF-TEST | COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY | LIGHT THERAPY | RECOMMENDED READING | FOR NEW PATIENTS | "ANXIETY TO SERENITY" CD series/PURCHASE TELEPHONE SESSIONS

Chapter VI

 
References

            American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.

 

            Bach, M., Bach, D. & deZwaan, M. (1996). Independency of alexithymia and somatization: A factor analytic study. Psychosomatics, 37, 451-58.

 

            Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D.A. & Taylor, G.J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale – I: Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.

 

            Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J. & Atkinson, L. (1988). Alexithymia: A comparative study of three self-report measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 32, 107-16.

           

            Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J. & Parker, J.D.A. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale – II: Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 33-40.

 

            Bankier, B., Aigner, M. & Bach, M. (2001). Alexithymia in DSM-IV disorder: Comparative evaluation of somatoform disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression. Psychosomatics, 42, 235-40.

 

            Barlow, D.H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

 

            Barlow, D.H., Cohen, A.S., Waddell, M.T., Vermilyea, B.B., Klosko, J.S.,

Blanchard, E.B. & DiNardo, P.A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15, 431-49.

                                                                                       

            Barsky, A.J. (1992). Amplification, somatization, and the somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics, 33, 28-34.

 

            Bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from experience. London: Heinemann.

 

            Bion, W.R. (1965). Transformations. London: Heinemann.

 

            Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.

 

            Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.

 

            Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation. New York: Basic Books.

 

            Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In

  I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research: Monographs of the society for research in child development (vol. 50, pp. 3-35). New York: Basic Books.

 

            Cairns, R.B. (1966). Attachment behavior of mammals. Psychological Review, 73, 409-26.

 

            Cairns, R.B. & Johnson, D.L. (1965). The development of interspecies social preferences. Psychonomic Science, 2, 337-8.

 

            Clark, D.M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 461-70.

 

            Clark, D.M. (1988). A cognitive model of panic attacks. In S. Rachman & J.D. Maser (Eds.), Panic: Psychological perspectives (pp. 71-89). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

 

            Cox, B.J., Swinson, R.P., Shulman, I.D. & Bourdeau, D. (1995). Alexithymia in panic disorder and social phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36, 195-98.

 

            Craske, M.G. (1991). Phobic fear and panic attacks: The same emotional states triggered by different cues? Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 599-620.  

 

            Crittenton, P.M. (1994). Peering into the black box: An exploratory treatise on the development of self in young children. In D. Cicchetti & S.L. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology: Disorders and dysfunctions of the self  (vol. 5, pp. 79-148). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

 

            Edgcumbe, R.M. (1984). Modes of communication: The differentiation of somatic and verbal expression. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 39, 137-54.

 

            Emde, R.N. (1984). The affective self: Continuities and transformations from infancy. In J.D. Call, E. Galenson & R.L. Tyson (Eds.), Frontiers of infant psychiatry (vol. 2, pp. 38-54). New York: Basic Books.

 

            Erickson, E.H. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4, 56-72.

 

            Fonagy, P. (1991). Thinking about thinking: Some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a borderline patient. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72, 639-56.

 

            Freyberger, H. (1977). Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 337-42.

 

             Fukunishi, I., Kikuchi, M., Wogan, J. & Takubo, M. (1997). Secondary alexithymia as a state reaction in panic disorder and social phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38, 166-70.

 

            Furman, E. (1992). On feeling and being felt with. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 47, 67-84.

 

            Goldberg, S., MacKay-Soroka, S. & Rochester, M. (1994). Affect, attachment and maternal responsiveness. Infant Behavior and Development, 17, 335-9.

 

            Goldstein, A.J. & Chambless, K.L. (1978). A reanalysis of agoraphobia. Behavior Therapy, 9, 47-59.

 

            Greenspan, S.I. (1981). Psychopathology and Adaptation in Infancy and Early Childhood. New York: International Universities Press.

 

            Harlow, H.F. (1961). The development of affectional patterns in infant monkeys. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behaviour, Vol. 1. New York: Wiley.

 

             Heiberg, A. & Heiberg, A. (1977). Alexithymia – an inherited trait? A study of twins. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 221-5.

 

            Hobson, R.P. (1994). On developing a mind. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 577-81.

 

            Hoppe, K.D.  & Bogen, J.E. (1977). Alexithymia in twelve commisurotomized patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 148-55.

 

             Horney, K. (1952). The paucity of inner experiences. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 12, 3-9.

 

            Horton, P.C., Gewirtz, H. & Kreutter, K.J. (1994a, April). Alexithymia and panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 627-8.

 

            Horton, P.C., Gewirtz, H. & Kreutter, K.J. (1994b, July). Panic disorder and alexithymic: No overlap. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1099.

 

            Hume, D. (1748, 1977). An enquiry concerning human understanding. Indianapolis: Hackett.

 

            Joukamaa, M. & Lepola, U. (1994). Alexithymic features in patients with panic disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 33-36.

 

            Katan, A. (1961). Some thoughts about the role of verbalization in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 16, 184-8.

 

            Katon, W. (1984). Panic disorder and somatization: Review of 55 cases. American Journal of Medicine, 77, 101-6.

 

            Kelman, N. (1952). Clinical aspects of externalized living. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 12, 15-23.

 

            Klein, D.F. (1993). False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions: An integrative hypothesis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 306-17.

 

            Kopp, C.B. (1989). Regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view. Developmental Psychology, 25, 343-54.

 

            Krystal, H. (1962). The opiate withdrawal syndrome as a state of stress. Psychiatric Quarterly, 36, 53-65.

 

            Krystal, H. (1968). Massive psychic trauma. New York: International Universities Press.

 

            Krystal, H. (1975). Affect tolerance. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 3, 179-219.

 

            Krystal, H. (1979). Alexithymia and psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 33, 17-28.

 

            Krystal, H. (1988). Integration and self-healing: Affect, trauma, alexithymia. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.

 

            Krystal, H. (1992). Psychoanalysis as a ‘normal’ science. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 20, 395-412.

 

            Krystal, H., Giller, E.L. & Cicchetti, D.V. (1986). Assessment of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic illness: Introduction of a reliable measure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 48, 84-94.

 

             Krystal, H. & Raskin, H. (1970). Drug Dependence. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

 

            Lane, R.D. & Schwartz, G.E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitive-developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133-43.

 

            Lazarus, R. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychology, 39, 124-126.

 

            Lazarus, R. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

            Lorenz, K.Z. (1935/1957). ‘Der kumpan in der unvelt des vogels.’ J. Orn. Berl., 83. English translation in C.H. Schiller (Ed.), Instinctive Behavior. New York: International Universities Press.

 

            MacLean, P.D. (1949). Psychosomatic disease and the ‘visceral brain’: Recent developments bearing on the Papez theory of emotion. Psychosomatic Medicine, 11, 338-53.

 

            Malatesta, C.Z. (1990). The role of emotions in the development and organization of personality. In R.A. Thompson (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (vol. 36): Socioemotional development (pp. 1-56). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

 

            Marty, P. & de M’Uzan, M. (1963). La ‘pensee operatoire’. Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse, 27, 1345-56.

 

            McDougall, J. (1974). The psychosoma and the psychoanalytic process. International Review of Psychoanalysis, 1, 437-59.

 

            McDougall, J. (1984). The “dis-affected” patient: Reflections on affect pathology. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 53, 386-409.

 

            McNally R.J. (1994). Panic Disorder: A critical analysis. New York: Guilford Press.

 

            Nemiah, J.C. (1975). Denial Revisited: Reflections on psychosomatic theory. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 26, 140-7.

 

            Nemiah, J.C. (1984). The psychodynamic view of anxiety. In R.O. Pasnace (Ed.), Diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders (pp. 117-137). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.  

 

            Nemiah, J.C. (1997). Alexithymia: Theoretical considerations. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 199-206.

 

            Nemiah, J.C., Freyberger, H. & Sifneos, P.E. (1976). Alexithymia: A view of the psychosomatic process. In O.W. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine (vol. 3, pp. 430-9). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.       

 

             Nemiah, J.C. & Sifneos, P. E. (1970). Affect and fantasy in patients with psychosomatic disorders. In O.W. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine (vol.2, pp. 26-34). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.  

 

            Norton, G.R., Harrison, B., Hauch, J. & Rhodes, L. (1985). Characteristics of people with infrequent panic attacks. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 216-21.

 

            Parker, J.D.A., Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J., Endler, N.S. & Schmitz, P. (1993). Factorial validity of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. European Journal of Personality, 7, 221-32.

 

            Parker, J.D.A., Taylor, G.J. & Bagby, R.M. (1989). The alexithymia construct: Relationship with sociodemographic variables and intelligence. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30, 434-41.

 

            Parker, J.D.A., Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M. & Acklin, M.W. (1993). Alexithymia in panic disorder and simple phobia: A comparative study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1105-07.  

 

            Ramzy, I. & Wallerstein, R.S. (1958). Pain, fear, and anxiety. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 13, 147-90.

 

            Razran, G. (1961). The observable unconscious and the inferable conscious in current Soviet psychophysiology: Interoceptive conditioning, semantic conditioning, and the orienting reflex. Psychological Review, 68, 81-147.

 

            Reiss, S. & McNally, R.J. (1985). Expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss & R.R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy (pp. 107-21). San Diego: Academic Press.

 

            Reiss, S., Peterson, R.A., Gursky, M. & McNally, R.J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8.

 

            Ruesch, J. (1948). The infantile personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 10, 134-44.

 

            Salkovskis, P.M. (1988). Phenomenology, assessment, and the cognitive model of panic. In S. Rachman & J.D. Maser (Eds.), Panic: Psychological perspectives (pp. 111-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

 

            Salminen, J.K., Saarijarvi, S., Aarela, E. & Tamminen, T. (1994). Alexithymia – State or trait? One year follow-up study of general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 681-5.

 

            Schaffer, C.E. (1993). The role of adult attachment in the experience and regulation of affect. Doctoral dissertation, Yale University.

 

            Scott, J.P. (1963). The process of primary socialization in canine and human infants. Monographs of the  Society for  Research in  Child Development, 28, 1-47.  

 

            Seligman, M.E.P. (1988). Competing theories of panic. In S. Rachman & J.D. Maser (Eds.), Panic: Psychological perspectives (pp. 321-29). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

 

            Shipley, W.U. (1963). The demonstration in the domestic guinea-pig of a process resembling classical imprinting. Animal Behavior, 11, 470-4.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1967). Clinical observations on some patients suffering from a variety of psychosomatic diseases. Acta Medicina Psychosomatica, 7, 1-10.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1972/1973). Is dynamic psychotherapy contraindicated for a large number of patients with psychosomatic disease? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 21, 133-6.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1973). The prevalence of ‘alexithymic’ characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 22, 255-62.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1975). Problems of psychotherapy of patients with alexithymic characteristics and physical disease. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 26, 65-70.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1987). Anhedonia and alexithymia: A potential correlation. In D.C. Clark & J. Fawcett (Eds.), Anhedonia and Affect Deficit States (pp. 119-27). New York: PMA Publishing.

 

            Sifneos, P.E. (1988). Alexithymia and its relationship to hemispheric specialization, affect and creativity. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 287-92.

 

            Slade, A. & Aber, J.L. (1992). Attachments, drives, and development: Conflicts and convergences in theory. In J.W. Barron, M.N. Eagle & D.L. Wolitzky (Eds.), Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 154-85). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

 

            Stern, D.N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books.

 

            Taylor, G.J. (1984a). Alexithymia: Concept, measurement, and implications for treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 725-32.  

 

            Taylor, G.J. (1984b). Psychotherapy with the boring patient. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 217-22.

 

            Taylor, G.J. (1987). Psychosomatic medicine and contemporary psychoanalysis. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.

 

            Taylor, G.J. (1992). Psychosomatics and self-regulation. In J.W. Barron, M.N. Eagle & D.L. Wolitzky (Eds.), Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 464-88). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 

            Taylor, G.J. (1994). The alexithymia construct: Conceptualization, validation, and relationship with basic dimensions of personality. New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 61-74.

 

            Taylor, G.J. (2000). Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 134-42.

 

            Taylor G.J., Bagby, R.M. & Parker, J.D.A. (1991). The alexithymia construct: A potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics, 32, 153-64.

 

            Taylor G.J., Bagby, R.M. & Parker, J.D.A. (1992). The revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Some reliability, validity, and normative data. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 57, 34-41.

 

            Taylor G.J., Bagby, R.M. & Parker, J.D.A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

 

            Taylor, G.J., Parker, J.D.A., Bagby, R.M. & Acklin, M.W. (1992). Alexithymia and somatic complaints in psychiatric out-patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 417-24.

 

            Taylor G.J., Ryan D. & Bagby, R.M. (1985).  Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 44, 191-9.

 

            Telch, M.J., Lucas, J.A. & Nelson, P. (1989). Nonclinical panic in college students: An investigation of prevalence and symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 300-6.

 

            Van den Hout, M.A. (1988). The explanation of experimental panic. In S. Rachman & J.D. Maser (Eds.), Panic: Psychological perspectives (pp. 237-57). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

 

            Werner, H. (1957). The concept of development from a comparative and organismic point of view. In D.B. Harris (Ed.), The concept of development: An issue in the study of human behavior. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

 

            Zajonc, R.B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39, 117-23.

 

            Zeitlin, S.B. & McNally, R.J. (1993). Alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 658-60.

 

 

Home

Google

Enter content here

Enter content here

Enter content here